CO Hydrocondensationa Products in Chelating Solvents307, Scheme 34. The optimized case showed a significant reduction of freshwater consumption by almost 50% and total elimination of wastewater generation. Fax: +86 22 87401818. The cell growth and 2,3-butanediol synthesis were comparable to that of E. cloacae S1 (shown in Fig. This pathway was named the Weimberg pathway, in recognition of the scientist Ralph Weimberg [13]. 1H and 13C NMR spectral data of the presumed glycolic acid sample compared to the spectra of a standard glycolic acid (Sodium salt commercial product) are given in Additional file 1: Figure S2A, B. These strains were cultured in flasks for ethylene glycol production, and fermentation results are shown in Fig. 2016;32(8):132. When the contents of the contaminants are low, the conductivity of the solution is proportional to the concentrations of the electrolytes. The confirmation medium contained: xylonic acid 40 g/L, Yeast extract 5 g/L, Tryptone 10 g/L, NaCl 10 g/L. The oxygen affinity of the metal centre will play a determining role in this step and zirconium analogues are known (cf.Section 50.2.3.3). Zhu, in Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2012. Ni–W2C/AC catalyst was applied to the conversion of milled woody biomass, and the maximum total yield of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and 1,2-butanediol was about 70% based on the mass of carbon in the cellulose and hemicellulose parts [75]. Also, these titers were similar to that of E. cloacae S1 (shown in Fig. Lesic B, Rahme L. Use of the lambda Red recombinase system to rapidly generate mutants in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Xylonic acid (Ammonium salt) was produced from xylose by K. pneumoniae, as described previously [7]. 2018;64:4193–200. For reproduction of material from all other RSC journals and books: For reproduction of material from all other RSC journals. The first step is the oxidation of ethylene oxide and the second is the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol. Using E. coli as the host cell, 4.1 g/L ethylene glycol was produced with a yield of 0.14 g/g glucose and productivity of 0.03 g/L h were obtained [6]. cyclization). Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the intermediate ethylene oxide. So linear DNA with 500 bp of homologous regions was used for gene recombination in E. cloacae. pET28a-yqhD was transformed into E. coli BL21 for protein expression. In fed batch culture, 34 g/L of ethylene glycol and 13 g/L of glycolic acid were produced in 46 h, with a total conversion ratio of 0.99 mol/mol xylonic acid.