But then Louis' sudden death avoided a longer civil war. After the death of Plantagenet Emperor Henry VII in 1313 with the Wittelsbacher Ludwig and the Hapsburg he Friedrich two kings. Louis was born in Munich, the son of Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Matilda, a daughter of King Rudolph I. These four elector chose Frederick as King. Louis also allied in 1337 with Edward III of England against Philip VI of France, the protector of the new Pope Benedict XII in Avignon. After the reconciliation with the Habsburgs in 1326, Louis marched to Italy and was crowned King of Italy in Milan in 1327. 25 October 1356 Eric XII of Sweden, Agnes (Munich, 1345 – 11 November 1352, Munich). Charter given by Louis to the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Nuremberg, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=25777, People excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. After the reconciliation with the Habsburgs in 1326, Louis marched to Italy and was crowned King of Italy in Milan in 1327. The hereditary titles of Margaret's sisters, one of whom was the queen of England, were ignored. After the reconciliation with the Habsburgs in 1326, Louis marched to Italy and was crowned King of Italy in Milan in 1327. Louis IV (German: Ludwig; 1 April 1282 – 11 October 1347), called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was King of the Romans from 1314, King of Italy from 1327, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1328. In the following conflict between the kings, Louis recognized in 1316 the independence of Switzerland from the Habsburg dynasty. On 9 November 1313, Frederick was defeated by Louis in the Battle of Gamelsdorf and had to renounce the tutelage. Louis also allied in 1337 with Edward III of England against Philip VI of France, the protector of the new Pope Benedict XII in Avignon. The acquisition of these territories and his restless foreign policy had earned Louis many enemies among the German princes. The most likely choice was Frederick the Fair, the son of Henry's predecessor, Albert I, of the House of Habsburg. These four elector chose Frederick as King. In the 14th century it was documented by curial and pope-rich sources in a targeted reduction with the nickname "the Bavarian" (Bavarus). In 1345 the emperor further antagonized the lay princes by conferring Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland, and Friesland upon his wife Margaret of Holland. Though Louis was partly educated in Vienna and became co-regent of his brother Rudolf I in Upper Bavaria in 1301 with the support of his Habsburg mother and her brother, King Albert I, he quarrelled with the Habsburgs from 1307 over possessions in Lower Bavaria. Louis IV was a protector of the Teutonic Knights. Already in 1323 Louis had sent an army to Italy to protect Milan against the Kingdom of Naples, which was together with France the strongest ally of the papacy. In continuance of the conflict of the House of Wittelsbach with the House of Luxemburg, the Wittelsbach family returned to power in the Holy Roman Empire in 1400 with King Rupert of Germany, a great-grandnephew of Louis. [1] Originally, he was a friend of Frederick, with whom he had been raised. The failure of later negotiations with the papacy led in 1338 to the declaration at Rhense by six electors to the effect that election by all or the majority of the electors automatically conferred the royal title and rule over the empire, without papal confirmation. The Luxemburg party did not accept this election and the next day a second election was held. In continuance of the conflict of the House of Wittelsbach with the House of Luxemburg, the Wittelsbach family returned to power in the Holy Roman Empire in 1400 with King Rupert of Germany, a great-grandnephew of Louis. In 1330 the emperor for example permitted the Frankfurt Trade Fair, and in 1340 Lübeck, as the most powerful member of the future Hanseatic League, received the coinage prerogative for golden gulden. In 1328 a "pope-free" imperial crown took place, while Ludwig received the imperial crown from the Roman people. 21 June 1313 – 2 July 1346, Meißen), married at Nürnberg 1 July 1329 Friedrich II, Markgraf of Meißen (d. 1349), Louis V the Brandenburger (1316–1361), duke of Upper Bavaria, margrave of Brandenburg, count of Tyrol, Stephen II (1319–1375), duke of Lower Bavaria. Louis IV - Louis IV - Acceptance of the imperial crown: When Duke Leopold died in February 1326, Louis boldly opposed the pope in Italy itself. Despite Louis' victory, Pope John XXII still refused to ratify his election, and in 1324 he excommunicated Louis, but the sanction had less effect than in earlier disputes between emperors and the papacy. John's mother, a member of the Luxemburg dynasty, had to return to Bohemia. In January 1328 Louis entered Rome and had himself crowned emperor by the aged senator Sciarra Colonna, called capt… With the death of duke John I in 1340 Louis inherited Lower Bavaria and then reunited the duchy of Bavaria. Louis died in October 1347 from a stroke suffered during a bear-hunt in Puch near Fürstenfeldbruck. However, Frederick's army was decisively defeated in the Battle of Mühldorf on 28 September 1322 on the Ampfing Heath, where Frederick and 1300 nobles from Austria and Salzburg were captured. In 1308 he married firstly to Beatrix of Świdnica. In reaction, the pro-Luxemburg party among the prince electors now settled for Louis as their candidate to prevent Frederick's election. However, armed conflict arose when the guardianship over the young Dukes of Lower Bavaria (Henry XIV, Otto IV and Henry XV) was entrusted to Frederick. Louis IV (German: Ludwig; 1 April 1282 – 11 October 1347), called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was King of the Romans from 1314, King of Italy from 1327, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1328. Louis IV was a protector of the Teutonic Knights. Already in 1323 Louis had sent an army to Italy to protect Milan against the Kingdom of Naples which was together with France the strongest ally of the papacy. In the meantime Robert, King of Naples had sent both a fleet and an army against Louis and his ally Peter II of Sicily. In the following conflict between the kings, Louis recognized in 1316 the independence of Switzerland from the Habsburg dynasty. Louis concentrated his energies also on the economic development of the cities of the empire, so his name can be found in many city chronicles for the privileges he granted. After the reconciliation with the Habsburgs in 1326, Louis marched to Italy and was crowned King of Italy in Milan in 1327. After the death of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII, the Luxemburg party among the prince electors set aside Henry's son, the Bohemian king John of Luxemburg, because of his youth and chose Louis as rival king to Frederick the Fair, a cousin of Louis. Due to the dangerous hostility of the Luxemburg Louis had increased his power base ruthlessly. In this agreement, Frederick finally recognized Louis as legitimate ruler and undertook to return to captivity if he did not succeed in convincing his brothers to submit to Louis. Though Louis was partly educated in Vienna and became co-regent of his brother Rudolf I in Upper Bavaria in 1301 with the support of his Habsburg mother and her brother, King Albert I, he quarrelled with the Habsburgs from 1307 over possessions in Lower Bavaria. Louis IV, duke of Upper Bavaria (from 1294) and of united Bavaria (1340–47), German king (from 1314), and Holy Roman emperor (1328–47), first of the Wittelsbach line of German emperors. In 1337 he allegedly bestowed upon the Teutonic Order a privilege to conquer Lithuania and Russia, although the Order had only petitioned for three small territories. After several years of bloody war, victory finally seemed within the grasp of Frederick, who was strongly supported by his brother Leopold. The expected English payments were missing and Louis intended to reach an agreement with the pope one more time. Louis, who was impressed by such nobility, renewed the old friendship with Frederick, and they agreed to rule the Empire jointly. In January 1328 Louis entered Rome and had himself crowned emperor by the aged senator Sciarra Colonna, called captain of the Roman people. In 1341 Louis deserted Edward but came only temporarily to terms with Philip. Louis was elected in October 1314 upon the instigation of Peter of Aspelt, the Prince-elector and Archbishop of Mainz, with five of the seven votes, to wit Archbishop-Elector Baldwin of Trier, the legitimate King-Elector John of Bohemia, Duke John II of Saxe-Lauenburg, rivallingly claiming the Saxon prince-electoral power, Peter of Aspelt, and Prince-Elector Waldemar of Brandenburg.