[nb 10] In the meantime Metternich's health was slowly failing, and he was a more peripheral figure after the death of his wife Melanie in January 1854. [92] In short, he locked himself into an embittered battle against "the prevailing mood of his age". Over the following months the reach of Austrian policy, and Metternich's own reputation, increased. [3] Metternich's education was handled by his mother, heavily influenced by their proximity to France; Metternich spoke French better than German. Even though Metternich was a firm believer in the conservative values of his time, he worked to spread those ideas in 1815 for the more pragmatic reason of balancing power in the European Concert rather than for abstract ideologies. Having outlived his generation of politicians, Metternich died at the age of 86 in 1859. [40] A triumphant Metternich filled his four weeks with revelry, re-establishing his reputation and that of Austria; he was also awarded an honorary law degree from the University of Oxford. System meaning in Bengali - পদ্ধতি, ব্যবস্থা, নিয়ম শৃঙ্খলা; | English – Bangla & English (E2B) Online Dictionary. Worse came in late September: while accompanying the Emperor to a meeting with Alexander at Czernowitz, an Austrian settlement now in the Ukraine, Metternich fell ill with a fever. about everything." Shortly afterwards, a separate treaty reaffirmed the Quadruple Alliance and established through its sixth article the Congress System of regular diplomatic meetings. In that role he was more of a Prime Minister, rather than just a chief diplomat.
Quarrels with Tsar Alexander, particularly over the fate of France[nb 4] intensified in January, prompting Alexander to storm out. No issue in both marriages. মহাত্মা গান্ধী তাঁর সম্বন্ধে বলেছেন “Maulana is the Emperor of learning.
He soon regained influence, however, on 8 October, as Foreign Minister (and additionally that of Minister of the Imperial Household). The best of all patterns of government, he insisted, was autocratic absolutism, upheld by a loyal army, by a submissive, decently efficient bureaucracy and police machine, and by trustworthy churchmen. Metternich was also friendly with the British envoy (the Duke of Wellington) and enlisted his help to charm Nicholas. This persona has come under criticism in recent years, though, because, “the commonly received image of Metternich as a benighted reactionary is largely a product of late-nineteenth-century German nationalist historiography; which could barely conceal its disgust toward his attachment to European federalism rather than the cause of national self-determination.” The new view of Metternich that has shone through is that of a man faced with the amazingly difficult task of reshaping Europe after the Napoleonic Wars and a man who had self confidence great enough to believe that he could do it. He was at her bedside in Baden bei Wien when she died on 20 July.
Much to Metternich's anguish Klemens died after only a few days, and Francis soon contracted a lung infection from which he would never recover. Metternich was a confident leader who put little faith in popular opinion or sentiment because he believed that the common man was too fickle in his loyalties and too inept to understand the magnitude of foreign policy. [26], When Metternich returned to Vienna in October 1810, he was no longer as popular. Far more worrying was Tsar Nicholas, whose estimation of the Habsburg dynasty and Austria was low. This page was last edited on 14 November 2020, at 18:45. [46] In the meantime a separate treaty, proposed by Alexander and redrafted by Metternich, had been signed on 26 September. He need not have worried: the Tsar gave way and accepted a compromise proposal of moderate interventionism. [3] He was the eldest son and had one older sister Pauline, later Duchess von Württemberg (1772-1855). In fact, the Diet of 1825 to 1827 saw 300 sessions filled with criticism of how the Empire had eroded the historic rights of the Kingdom of Hungary's nobility. [36], Before talks could begin, Coalition armies crossed the Rhine on 22 December. Metternich wanted no rash change of course, and at first there was little impact on the Congress.
Journeying on to Prague, he heard that his eldest daughter Maria had also contracted the disease. [22] Soon after, Napoleon refused Metternich's attendance at the Congress of Erfurt; Metternich was later glad to hear from Talleyrand that Napoleon's attempts at the Congress to get Russia to invade Austria had proved unsuccessful. [52] Importantly, the divisions would be regional, not national. It was a major blow to Metternich's prestige, and his opponents in Vienna called it evidence of his incompetence. [94] By this interpretation, his task was to create a "smokescreen" that hid Austria's true weakness. The King of the Belgians came to visit, as did Bismarck, and on 16 August 1857 he entertained the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom. [14], The Holy Roman Empire's defeat in the War of the Second Coalition shook up diplomatic circles, and the promising Metternich was now offered a choice between three ministerial positions: to the Imperial Diet at Regensburg; to the Kingdom of Denmark at Copenhagen; or to the Elector of Saxony at Dresden. In a brief resurgence of energy in early 1856, he busied himself in arrangements for a marriage between his son Richard and his granddaughter Pauline (Richard's step-sister's daughter) and undertook more travel. Prince Metternich (1773-1859) was the most important and the most outstanding personality of Europe between 1815 and 1848. [30][33] A peace had to be concluded soon, he believed. A traditional conservative, Metternich was keen to maintain the balance of power, in particular by resisting Russian territorial ambitions in Central Europe and lands belonging to the Ottoman Empire. I cannot stand it much longer and the Emperor Francis is already ill. [The other leaders] are all mad and belong in the lunatic asylum. On 20 April they landed at Blackwall in London, where they stayed in the Brunswick Hotel in Hanover Square for a fortnight until they found a permanent residence. I have nothing more to do, nothing more to discuss. [61], In 1821, while Metternich was still at Laibach with Tsar Alexander, the revolt of Prince Alexander Ypsilantis threatened to bring the Ottoman Empire to the brink of collapse. This convinced Metternich, and, after an ultimatum Metternich issued to France went unheeded, Austria declared war on 12 August. When he heard they had reached Vienna he journeyed to meet them and encouraged them to go with him back to Baden. “There was a kind of immovable certainty about his own intentions, but he was never so foolish as to think that his acts were infallible. Over time, Metternich came to see an eventual war with France as inevitable. I thought it was a poem There were fears of the Empire's total collapse, by which Austria stood to gain little. [75] The latter was more strained but, as Nicholas warmed, three Münchengrätz Agreements were reached that shaped a new conservative league to uphold the existing order in Turkey, Poland, and elsewhere. The former meeting went well: Metternich still felt able to dominate the Prussians, despite their rising economic prominence in Europe. ১০৬৫.
He declined the Pope's invitation to become a cardinal of the church.
He was also pleased at the renewed (if fragile) closeness between Austria, Prussia and Russia;[60] however, it had come at the expense of the Anglo-Austrian entente. With Countess Maria Eleonore von Kaunitz-Rietberg[nb 11] (10 October 1775 – 19 March 1825): With Maria Antoinette von Leykam, Countess von Beylstein (15 August 1806 – 17 January 1829): With Countess Melania Maria Antonia Zichy-Ferraris de Zich et Vásonykeö (18 January 1805 – 3 March 1854): With Countess Katharina Skavronskaya, by marriage Princess Bagration (illegitimate, acknowledged): "Metternich" redirects here.