quenching and tempering process pdf

0000084046 00000 n 0000018456 00000 n 0000081231 00000 n 0000018658 00000 n Quensching and tempering can be divided into three basic steps: 1. austenitizing→ heating to above the GSK line into the austenite region 2. quenching → rapid cooling up below γ-α-transformation 3. tempering→ re-heating to moderate temperatures with slow cooling Depending on whether a high hardness (“hardening”) or strength/toughness (“strengthening”) has to be … Additional treatments for enameling steels, Steel castings for the energy sector (> 10 t), Castings for the machinery industry (< 10 t), Castings for for the machinery industry (> 10 t), ALZEN 305, ALZEN 305 K and ALZEN 501 white bronze, Industrial maintenance, repair and service, Plant electrical systems, instrumentation and control technologies. %PDF-1.4 %�� x�b```�M��:B c�r|lSnbU�pX�2�BS��L��$�m�dr��ԏ�[P��Cg-~,��z+�� 6��E.�m[��"��E��B8��8\�Wu K\��mȹh��P�v�ȶp�#L*�~��3c6�(��*��Zj�%_�/WBˤ"'4�l0y|%4mrj�!��Rp`��ض&�ǧ ��S��.s``MKK� &%% ��APPP�tq+��`T�� Y1��`bLJ0s��Dq#Ԩ�f4��s��P �� V� F;�op}cc��`�� 6/�.�F��6�50�fm�:�� "o��XB�@R��)�� @'�XG0X5��+�fbm ��́ʮ000 # �� endstream endobj 851 0 obj<>/StructTreeRoot 121 0 R/Metadata 848 0 R/MarkInfo<>>> endobj 853 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>/Properties<>>>>>/StructParents 0>> endobj 854 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 880 0 R] endobj 855 0 obj<> endobj 856 0 obj<> endobj 857 0 obj<>stream �$��JS�E�?��C�WG��{�k��~��z�"��+"{y|w��̴U��ѫ��r�o��^}�c-o��y�� n��;w�t��?c)��) o1w��YF�c�y�ov�p+>y��:q�&G��G5k^@�Xd��y�O_��F��[?��[ 1��*��I��[�N��`�clo'��u�j�櫵��vޘ�H�!`��ٷ��Y F�W�s�,V�/�� +�� )hlnܫ��ń��j�*n�M�yp9�. 0000019604 00000 n 0000033299 00000 n trailer << /Size 1114 /Info 1014 0 R /Root 1022 0 R /Prev 1546323 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 1022 0 obj << /Pages 1015 0 R /Type /Catalog /DefaultGray 1016 0 R /DefaultRGB 1017 0 R /Metadata 1013 0 R /AcroForm 1023 0 R >> endobj 1023 0 obj << /Fields [ ] /DR << /Font << /ZaDb 1010 0 R /Helv 1011 0 R >> /Encoding << /PDFDocEncoding 1012 0 R >> >> /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) >> endobj 1112 0 obj << /S 297 /V 555 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1113 0 R >> stream It is also one of the most important partners to the European white goods and mechanical engineering industries. 0000050123 00000 n 0000017264 00000 n 0000096785 00000 n (a) (b) Fig. As a global manufacturer of high-quality steel products, the Steel Division of the voestalpine Group is a driving force toward a clean future worth living. So, the key difference between quenching and tempering is that the quenching is rapid cooling of a workpiece, whereas tempering is heat-treating a workpiece. 0000015648 00000 n 0000020379 00000 n [�~mɯ��s[p-��u!W~�(�c��5�8˹��֫)"_Ʋ�. 0000008728 00000 n ��\#��'��N0��1(�7p�-`RL`�^��G 0000002514 00000 n 0000081207 00000 n (a) 2-D finite element mesh of a steel pipe, (b) Temperature history during quenching and tempering process… 0000086899 00000 n Quenching and tempering is a heat-treatment method for high-quality heavy plates. (a) (b) Fig. 0000002445 00000 n 0000062454 00000 n 0000008571 00000 n 0000002377 00000 n 0000014090 00000 n The Steel Division produces heavy plates for applications under the most extreme conditions in the energy sector, supporting the oil & gas industry and renewable energy generation with custom solutions. 0000014114 00000 n 0000027889 00000 n 0000092964 00000 n 旕WV -�-L�� \]}c�(C�^�� H�(�� %�5��@�@� 0000002328 00000 n H�b``pf`��W�A�X8@xE��@�"�� 0000058672 00000 n 0000011877 00000 n It is composed of the cementite phase in a ferrite matrix that cannot be resolved by light microscope. 850 0 obj <> endobj xref 850 37 0000000016 00000 n 0000071375 00000 n Hardened steel parts requiring tempering are heated in the temperature range of 200-350°C. 0000057022 00000 n Quenching and tempering is a heat-treatment method for high-quality heavy plates. 2. Heavy plates made of general structural steels, Heavy plates made of case-hardening and heat-treatable steels. 0000053438 00000 n 0000017032 00000 n Quenching and tempering consists of a two-stage heat-treatment process. Stage 1 includes hardening, in which the plate is austenitized to approximately 900°C and then quickly cooled. tempering kinetics model can be employed to simulate the tempering process of steel. Troosite structure is another constituent of steel obtained by quenching tempering martensite. 2. 0000024710 00000 n 0000024513 00000 n 0000073532 00000 n 0000060690 00000 n 0000065404 00000 n 0000005448 00000 n 0000073556 00000 n 0000086875 00000 n 0000053462 00000 n 0000010211 00000 n 0000024848 00000 n 0000011370 00000 n Quenching and tempering provides the steel with high strength and ductility. This process gives troosite structure. 0000015624 00000 n 0000071399 00000 n 0000002359 00000 n H�|WMo�6��W��{�"Q��n/h��^Gɸ��Yۓt��K��p�(��#9�+Š��"�_+K��z��y��UߏaH�b�Ø!R+�)ˉ)�q��ǋqB��bP��0i%��U�ӌ��O�"6�a�q ��WdC�Ċ\͉LE�"BXBS�ȅ�?d*��Z��\F��\F�N��n�К�\F��$xPd��l RPd�iKt*�l0)��`�f�C� 4��Pdð��l��7��s7�0��|��U��K�%C��9�|��oi==V��w�7K�쾌�8u�L][O]�ө�=�xͬ�� Stage 1 includes hardening, in which the plate is austenitized to approximately 900°C and then quickly cooled. What is oil quenching vs water quenching? 0000023466 00000 n 0000005147 00000 n 0000021943 00000 n ... – Tempering without risk of cracks, precision hardness and toughness H��ю^��Ʊ�8� Front axle beam is the biggest and most heavy forging 0000012245 00000 n Simulated volume fraction in different tempering temperature for 80MnCr5 (a) 673K; (b) 873K. In order to influence the hardness and the strength of a steel, a special heat treatment, called quenching and tempering, has been developed. 0000019100 00000 n 0000046339 00000 n 0000008595 00000 n 0000089664 00000 n 0000013000 00000 n SC�� 7��_s1u^��>��VJDn��9}j��~F&��8QF&f��Ą��(Q �D�0367��T��Y`FNn~�QPX\VZR 0000095116 00000 n 0000068306 00000 n 0000076210 00000 n 0000092940 00000 n 0000065428 00000 n 0000001560 00000 n Quenching is the rapid cooling of a workpiece in water, oil or air to obtain certain material properties. 0000096763 00000 n 0000020048 00000 n 0000050147 00000 n ��76��L�]XByDRX� z�f1:��U`�`p�� ek��B�X�40jG0x3mq`Y_��u��g��HK� Н�,��Xd�0�zA�Q��A�aK&`�� ޾�```�� Sct� endstream endobj 1113 0 obj 421 endobj 1024 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1019 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /Im99 1047 0 R /Im100 1049 0 R /Im101 1051 0 R /Im102 1053 0 R /Im103 1055 0 R /Im104 1057 0 R /Im105 1059 0 R /Im106 1061 0 R /Im107 1063 0 R /Im108 1065 0 R /Im109 1067 0 R /Im110 1069 0 R /Im111 1071 0 R /Im112 1073 0 R /Im113 1075 0 R /Im114 1077 0 R /Im115 1079 0 R /Im116 1081 0 R /Im117 1083 0 R /Im118 1085 0 R /Im119 1087 0 R /Im120 1089 0 R /Im121 1091 0 R /Im122 1093 0 R /Im123 1095 0 R /Im124 1097 0 R /Im125 1099 0 R /Im126 1101 0 R /Im127 1103 0 R /Im128 1105 0 R /Im129 1107 0 R /Im130 1109 0 R /Im131 1111 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /CS6 1027 0 R /CS7 1028 0 R /CS4 1027 0 R /CS5 1028 0 R /CS2 1027 0 R /CS3 1028 0 R /CS0 1027 0 R /CS1 1028 0 R >> /Font << /TT3 1025 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS3 1045 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ] >> /Contents [ 1030 0 R 1032 0 R 1034 0 R 1036 0 R 1038 0 R 1040 0 R 1042 0 R 1044 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 1025 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FontDescriptor 1026 0 R /BaseFont /Arial /FirstChar 31 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 750 278 278 355 556 556 889 667 191 333 333 389 584 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 584 584 584 556 1015 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 722 778 667 778 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 278 278 278 469 556 333 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 334 260 334 584 750 556 750 222 556 333 1000 556 556 333 1000 667 333 1000 750 750 750 750 222 222 333 333 350 556 1000 333 1000 500 333 944 750 750 667 278 333 556 556 556 556 260 556 333 737 370 556 584 333 737 552 400 549 333 333 333 576 537 278 333 333 365 556 834 834 834 611 667 667 667 667 667 667 1000 722 667 667 667 667 278 278 278 278 722 722 778 778 778 778 778 584 778 722 722 722 722 667 667 611 556 556 556 556 556 556 889 500 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 549 611 556 556 556 556 500 556 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 1026 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /Arial /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -250 -217 1085 904 ] /MissingWidth 663 /StemV 73 /StemH 73 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 904 /XHeight 632 /Ascent 904 /Descent -217 /Leading 156 /MaxWidth 904 /AvgWidth 398 >> endobj 1027 0 obj /DeviceRGB endobj 1028 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 1029 0 obj 1443 endobj 1030 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1029 0 R >> stream 0000183063 00000 n Quenching and tempering achieves an extremely fine-grained and homogeneous microstructure. 0000097093 00000 n 0000017240 00000 n The material is water-quenched in a quench unit, in which the plate is clamped to avoid warpage. 0000005479 00000 n 0000004052 00000 n 0000021966 00000 n 0000003031 00000 n The Steel Division is the first point of contact for major automotive manufacturers and suppliers worldwide when it comes to high-quality steel strip. When hardness can be sacrificed, mineral oils are often used. 0000007028 00000 n 0000012110 00000 n 0000007052 00000 n 0000084022 00000 n 0000076234 00000 n trailer <<29402582136e11dcb5cc0014510710bc>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 852 0 obj<>stream 0000010192 00000 n 0000079030 00000 n 0000001036 00000 n %PDF-1.3 %�� 0000011971 00000 n 0000060666 00000 n Furnaces, systems and accessories for. 0000010216 00000 n 0000005418 00000 n 0000037842 00000 n 0000019434 00000 n