[25] Otto then marched on Rome, and commanded Innocent to annul the Concordat of Worms, and to recognise the imperial crown's right to make nominations to all vacant benefices. He became the foster son of his maternal uncle, King Richard I of England. After the coronation of Charlemagne, his successors maintained the title until the death of Berengar I of Italy in 924. Charles V was the last to be crowned by the Pope in 1530. Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, deposed 1215. [14], Otto's election pulled the empire into the conflict between England and France. The German historian Jens Ahlers, taking into account Otto's life prior to 1198, considers that he might have been the first foreign king of Germany. [15], The papacy meanwhile, under Innocent III, determined to prevent the continued unification of Sicily and the Holy Roman Empire under one monarch[16] seized the opportunity to extend its influence. [3] In practice, an emperor was only as strong as his army and alliances, including marriage alliances, made him. Otto, soon recognized throughout the northwest and the lower Rhine region,[5] was elected king by his partisans in Cologne on 9 June 1198. In theory and diplomacy, the Emperors were considered primus inter pares, regarded as first among equals among other Roman Catholic monarchs across Europe. [25] He quickly broke all his promises. Many of his allies changed sides to Philip, including his brother Henry. Therefore, Innocent III favoured Otto, whose family had always been opposed to the house of Hohenstaufen. The English term "Holy Roman Emperor" is a modern shorthand for "emperor of the Holy Roman Empire" not corresponding to the historical style or title, i.e., the adjective "holy" is not intended as modifying "emperor"; the English term "Holy Roman Emperor" gained currency in the interbellum period (the 1920s to 1930s); formerly the title had also been rendered "German-Roman emperor" in English.[1]. This list includes all 47 German monarchs crowned from Charlemagne until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806). [citation needed] Otto was forced to retire to his possessions near Brunswick, leaving Philip virtually uncontested as German king.[19]. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Name of four Holy Roman Emperors, the last of which was deposed in 1215. First of all, we will look for a few extra hints for this entry: Name of four Holy Roman Emperors, the last of which was deposed in 1215. [8], The Holy Roman Emperor's standard designation was "August Emperor of the Romans" (Romanorum Imperator Augustus). From the time of Constantine I (r. 306–337), the Roman emperors had, with very few exceptions, taken on a role as promoters and defenders of Christianity. Even after the Reformation, the elected Emperor was always a Roman Catholic. Otto was fluent in French as well as German. [32] It is said that Philip II had sent to Frederick the imperial eagle which Otto had left lying on the battlefield. The Papacy, which up until this point had continued to recognize the rulers in Constantinople as Roman Emperors, viewed the imperial throne as vacant since in their mind, a woman could not rule the empire. The Emperor was crowned in a special ceremony, traditionally performed by the Pope in Rome. Maximilian's successors adopted the same titulature, usually when they became the sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Name of four Holy Roman Emperors, the last of which was deposed in 1215. After abandoning Rome, Otto marched north, reaching Pisa by 20 November. 'King of the Germans') throughout the 12th to 18th centuries.[2]. [30] He agreed to join John in the invasion, and in February 1214, as John advanced from the Loire, Otto was supposed to make a simultaneous attack from Flanders, together with the Count of Flanders. Throughout its history, the position was viewed as a defender of the Roman Catholic faith. [30], This defeat allowed Frederick to take Aachen and Cologne,[30] as Otto was forced again to withdraw to his private possessions around Brunswick,[33] and he was deposed in 1215. If you discover one of these, please send it to us, and we'll add it to our database of clues and answers, so others can benefit from your research. Until Maximilian I in 1508, the Emperor-elect (Imperator electus) was required to be crowned by the Pope before assuming the imperial title. Since 911, the various German princes had elected the King of the Germans from among their peers. Arms of the House of Hohenstaufen The term sacrum (i.e., "holy") in connection with the German Roman Empire was first used in 1157 under Frederick I Barbarossa. From the time of Constantine I (r. 306–337), the Roman emperors had, with very few exceptions, taken on a role as promoters and defenders of Christianity. The ecumenical councils of the 5th to 8th centuries were convoked by the Eastern Roman Emperors. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. [6], Otto was in Poitou from September 1196 until mid-1197, when he joined Richard in Normandy to confer over the appointment of bishops to the vacant sees of Poitiers, Limoges and Périgueux. First of all, we will look for a few extra hints for this entry: Name of four Holy Roman Emperors, the last of whom was deposed in 1215. Let's find possible answers to "Name of four Holy Roman Emperors, the last of which was deposed in 1215" crossword clue. … The reign of Constantine established a precedent for the position of the Christian emperor in the Church. [6] He became the foster son of his maternal uncle, King Richard I of England. The best-known and most bitter conflict was that known as the investiture controversy, fought during the 11th century between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. The emperor's role was to enforce doctrine, root out heresy, and uph… The rulers who were crowned as Roman emperors in Western Europe between AD 800 and 915 were as follows: There was no emperor in the west between 924 and 962. Welcome to Dan Word. The only German king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1210. Rudolf was not crowned emperor, nor were his successors Adolf and Albert. As the power of the papacy grew during the Middle Ages, popes and emperors came into conflict over church administration. Traditional historiography assumes a continuity between the Carolingian Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, while a modern convention takes the coronation of Otto I in 962 as the starting point of the Holy Roman Empire (although the term Sacrum Imperium Romanum was not in use before the 13th century). [25], Such actions infuriated Innocent, and Otto was promptly excommunicated by the pope for this on 18 November 1210. The title of Emperor in the West implied recognition by the pope.