A simple model for growth and development of the ladybird beetle (Hippodamia convergens G-M.) which partitions aphid biomass eaten into components of excretion, assimilation, growth and/or reproduction, and metabolic costs associated with searching and maintenance respiration is reported.All parameters in the model were estimated from simple minimal laboratory experiments, and have … The alligator-shaped larva is black with orange spots on some of the body segments; it pupates on the upper leaf surfaces. Additionally, these harvested beetles may be parasitized. Hippodamia convergens larvae were maintained in a growth chamber under the conditions described earlier, and provided with water-moistened florist foam and E. kuehniella eggs ad libitum as a food source until larvae reached the adult stage. 2012; 37:184–192. Rincon Heights Community Garden, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Fifty aphids were placed on each disk. Hippodamia convergens second instar larvae feeding on melon aphid. Mean ± SEM heading-treatment angle (radians) observed when H. convergens larvae were tested with three different odor sources. Larvae have long, tubular bodies with six legs near the head. Both adults and larvae of H. convergens feed primarily on aphids and occasionally on whiteflies, other soft-bodied insects and insect eggs. Obata (1986) found that Harmonia axyridis Pallas adults used chemical cues to locate sites where aphids were likely to exist and concluded that olfaction-directed search was more "advantageous" than random searching. They grow from about 1 mm to 4-7 mm in length over a 10 to 30 day period. Hippodamia convergens larvae were maintained in a growth chamber under the conditions described earlier, and provided with water-moistened florist foam and E. kuehniella eggs ad libitum as a food source until larvae reached the adult stage. Mean proportion of trials in which larvae crossed into the treatment section of the arena. Aphids form their main diet, and they are used for biological control of these pests. With respect to distance traveled, larval age interacted with treatment (Table 5). 1. Hippodamia convergens larvae stayed longer in areas containing honeydew but did not engage in longer bouts of searching. 276 pp. In some cases, the unhatched eggs are eaten by the first larvae to emerge. The lady beetle Hippodamia variegata is an important biocontrol agent of many aphids. In general, the ‘aphids alone' treatment was less attractive than either leaf treatment when results were averaged over time intervals, but no trends were found when results were averaged over individual larvae. Citing Literature. Distance to treatment generally declined with increasing larval age in all treatments (Table 2). Furthermore, larvae did not distinguish between honeydew from high- and low-quality aphid prey. . The head is concealed from above and they have three distinct tarsi. J Insect Sci. Hip­po­damia con­ver­gens can be found in most of the Nearc­tic and Neotrop­i­cal re­gions. Although the fourth instars tended to approach the treatment more than other instars, they did so less directly. To be sure, the responses were subtle and deviation from randomness would not be detectable without examining different components of the searching behavior itself as suggested by Dicke (1999). The charcoal-filtered air source was an aquarium fish pump. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com, Quantifying Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Invasion in Northern California Vineyards to Inform Management Strategy. However, Pletsch (1947) noted “an exceedingly heavy and aggressive population of [coccinellid] adults and larvae feeding on psyllids” on tomato in Bozeman, Montana, especially Hippodamia parenthesis (Say), H. convergens Guerin, H. quinquesignata Kirby, Coccinella novemnotata Herbst, and C. transversoguttata Faldermann. 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