Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (28 July 1804 – 13 September 1872) was a German philosopher and anthropologist best known for his book The Essence of Christianity, which provided a critique of Christianity which strongly influenced generations of later … Marx’s view of religion was significantly influenced by the work of Ludwig Feuerbach. The reproach that according to my book religion is an absurdity, a nullity, a pure illusion, would be well founded only if, according to it, that into which I resolve religion, which I prove to be its true object and substance, namely, man, – anthropology, were an absurdity, a nullity, a pure illusion. Although some scholars regard this criticism of Christianity as important in its own right, most view it as pertinent because of its anticipation of the views of Nietzsche, Marx, and Freud. Unfortunately, most of those doing the quoting don’t really understand … Juli 1804 in Landshut als Sohn des Kriminalisten Anselm von Feuerbach. Feuerbach directly spoke against the theology of Schleiermacher on many fronts, including the nature of religion and human consciousness. Philosophical views Hegel Feuerbach took from the Hegelian, Daub. Abstract: Ludwig Feuerbach has had enormous influence upon the study of Religion. Trans. Freud considered the practice of religion and religious rites to be some sort of neurological obsession. Such borrowings can be seen in the words and passages of Essence of Christianity: "wish-fulfillment"; "What … Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) was a highly respected nineteenth-century philosopher who focused on the study of post-Hegelian philosophy, idealism, naturalism, materialism, and positivism. …typified by the German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach, attempted to unmask the idea of religion as illusion. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by Project Gutenberg. 1. Gott als Wesen des Verstandes 4. Feuerbach thought the act lay in the revelation: once proclaimed, the truth would slowly wash over us in a wave of obviousness. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Trans. — Ludwig Feuerbach, livre The Essence of Christianity. Feuer-bach argued in his book The Essence of Christianity (1841) that God is a projection of human consciousness and that “Theology is anthropology.” According to Feuerbach, religion tells us a lot about mankind and tells us nothing about God. People need an emotional crutch, and therefore they invent an all-powerful sugar daddy in the sky that… Ludwig Feuerbach was a German philosopher and moralist who is most notably remembered for his influence on antropologic essence of religion. Christian theologians should not simply ignore Feuerbach’s claims about the subjective roots of religion. Nietzsche and Feuerbach are 2% wrong and, in that 2%, God can find the space to flow purely into our lives and religion can find the space to mediate God's presence and truth in purity. These questions have been among the greatest subjects of human speculation since history began, but not until modern times has the reality of God been so strongly called into doubt. and Lucretius (c.99—c.55 B.C.E.) ... Freud: religion er illusion. 2 The Essence of Religion in General (Ludwig Feuerbach). The Future of an Illusion. For Feuerbach, religion was ultimately an illusion. Ludwig Feuerbach Quotes. This is an illusion which he shares with well-nigh all philosophers. Feuerbach thought he had unmasked all religions, showing them to be products of human imagination and desire. Of Nietzsche, Feuerbach, and Dark Nights of the Soul. Feuerbach, Ludwig. It is based on wishful thinking and is ultimately an illusion. At the heart of Feuerbach’s critique of Christianity is the claim that religion is a conceptual illusion, whereby the individual projects his or her personal limits onto the species and then projects the unlimited onto a supposed divine being. Print. Indeed, but an illusion with which all illusions, all prejudices, all unnatural constraints fall away, even though this might not happen immediately; for humanity's primary illusion, primary prejudice, primary constraint, is … Das Wesen des Christentums (1841; The Essence of Christianity), Feuerbach posited the notion that man is to himself his own object of thought and that religion is nothing more than a consciousness of the infinite.The result of this view is the notion that God is merely the outward projection… Read More; influence on Marx In a gross summary, it goes something like this: human minds invent religion because of a need. Ludwig Feuerbach : Imagination, Wishes, Fear of Death Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804-1872), in his work The Essence of Christianity (1841) set up a strong criticism of Christian religion. ... Winnicott: religious experience is an illusion that helps to comfort us like transitional objects comfort children in unfamiliar situations. FEUERBACH, LUDWIG (1804 – 1872), German humanistic philosopher of religion and influential spokesman for the Young Hegelians. ... not religion. Of Nietzsche, Feuerbach, and Dark Nights of the Soul. Ludwig Feuerbach The first and highest law must be the love of man to man. • "At bottom, God is nothing other than an exalted father" (Totem and Taboo Feuerbach: Religion er projektion. -- Ludwig Feuerbach . This inquiry seeks to establish that, in his writings, Karl Marx offers his ... Marx proves affected by the work of Ludwig Feuerbach. Print. But even in dreams we do not find ourselves in emptiness or in heaven, but on earth, in the realm of reality; we only see real things in the entrancing splendor of imagination and caprice, instead of in the simple daylight of reality and necessity. For Freud, as for Feuerbach, religion is wish-fulfilment. Alistair McGrath, The Twilight of Atheism: Ludwig Feuerbach; ... Feuerbach says that religion teaches us that we are sinful and unworthy and this creates a breech between God and us. For earlier theological responses consult S. Rawidowicz, Ludwig Feuerbachs Philosophie: Ursprung und Schicksal (Berlin, 1931). Trans. Thus man creates God, not the other way around. -Ludwig Feuerbach Religion But even in dreams we do not find ourselves in emptiness or in heaven, but on earth, in the realm of reality; we only see real things in the entrancing splendor of imagination and caprice, instead of in the simple daylight of reality and necessity. If Feuerbach wishes to establish a true religion upon the basis of an essentially materialist conception of nature, that is the same as regarding modern chemistry as true alchemy. The basis of Feuerbach’s philosophy was the conviction that the source of true knowledge can only be […] Religion is the dream of the human mind. Ludwig Feuerbach -- Lectures on the Essence of Religion. The philosophy of the nineteenth-century writer, Ludwig Feuerbach, is noteworthy by the centrality of the role religion plays in his thought, on the one hand, and the opposition asserted to the traditional divine referent of religion in Western religions and philosophical thought, on the other hand. - Friedrich Nietzsche: religion is rooted in man's weakness. #quote #The Essence of Christianity #Christianity #Ludwig Feuerbach #Feuerbach #German philosophy #philosophy #theology #God #religion #creation. Born into a gifted Bavarian family, Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach studied theology at the University of Heidelberg before transferring to Berlin, where he became an enthusiastic convert to Hegelianism. Born into a gifted Bavarian family, Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach studied theology at the University of Heidelberg before transferring to Berlin, where he became an enthusiastic convert to Hegelianism. Ludwig Feuerbach The present age ... prefers the sign to the thing signified, the copy to the original, fancy to reality, the appearance to the essence ... for in these days illusion only is sacred, truth profane. In effect, he turned them into an argument about the origin and nature of religion. The article shows the "Appendix" to Søren Kierkegaard's "Philosophical Fragments" to be a response to Ludwig Feuerbach's critique of Christianity. Feuerbach, Ludwig, “Religion as illusion,” in Classical and Contemporary Readings in the Philosophy of Religion, ed. (p. xxxix) 2. Reality versus illusion: How religion poisons everything (4) [7] Psychology was not yet an official discipline when Feuerbach was writing his main works, but viewing his arguments retrospectively shows the obvious undertones of what we today call psychology. SOURCE: Engels, Friedrich. While Hegel taught that “Man is God self-alienated,” Feuerbach taught that God is Man, self-alienated. “Feuerbach's Philosophy of Religion and Ethics.” In Ludwig Feuerbach and the Outcome of Classical German Philosophy, edited by C. P. Dutt, pp. Lectures on the Essence of Religion, translated by Ralph Manheim.New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Feuerbach’s book, The Essence of Christianity, is noted as an influential atheist text, and helped inspire the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The first philosopher I'm going to consider as a part of this series is Ludwig Feuerbach.I'll be posting about his book, The Essence of Christianity, first published in 1841. In Ludwig Feuerbach. Menneskets religiøse forestillinger om Gud, og hvad dertil hører, er en anden og større udgave af dets idealforestillinger om det menneskelige. Humans project need for fatherly protection in response to the overwhelming forces of nature ... thus we call a belief an illusion when wish fulfillment is a prominent factor in its motivation. This is the origin of religion, Feuerbach said. 1 FIRST LECTURE . Ludwig Feuerbach -- Lectures on the Essence of Religion. Ludwig Feuerbach was one of thefirst philosophers to arrive at the insight that religion had its origins in the human psyche and that religion ought to be nothing but anthropology. Continuum: New York. Th is article aimed to examine the essence of religion by using Sigmund Freud' psychoanalysis. Theories explaining religion as anthropomorphism have been proposed, most noticeably and comprehensively, by Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-72) in his books, The Essence of Religion (2004, originally 1846) and The Essence of Christianity (1989, originally 1841) where he asserted that religion is a projection of human nature. Marx, after reading Feuerbach’s 1844 Essence of Christianity, commented that “the criticism of religion has been essentially completed, and the criticism of religion is the premise of all criticism” (1844). Unfortunately, as Feuerbach noted, the actual religions to which we do adhere are elaborate fictions created by the projection of human virtues (and vices) onto the plane of the infinity. PDF of book can be borrowed from archive.org. The idea of dialectical materialism, in which the concept of “spirit” was dropped by thinkers such as Karl Marx, developed in this… Preface to Second Edition (1843) The Essence of Christianity (1841) (p. xxxviii) "Religion is the dream of the human mind…in these days, illusion only is sacred, truth profane." Feuerbach annonçait cela au tout début de l'introduction de l'Essence du christianisme : « La religion repose sur la différence essentielle de l'homme et de l'animal. BERTRAND RUSSELL and F. C. COPLESTON: The Existence of … His answer to the question 'what is religion?' 1 Origin of Religion (David Hume). FEUERBACH, LUDWIG (1804–1872), German humanistic philosopher of religion and influential spokesman for the Young Hegelians. It is a mystification that keeps people from seeing the truth of reality. Those in positions of power use the concept of religion to keep the masses of poor people under content, which reduces the chances of riots against the people in power. This paper is an attempt to explain and critique Feuerbach’s Philosophy of Religion. “Feuerbach's Theory of Religion and the Marxist Theory of ‘Ideologies.’” In The Illusion of the Epoch: Marxism-Leninism as a Philosophical Creed, pp. Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 - 1872) lagde sig i kølvandet på Strauss, da han i 1841 udgav sin bog "Das Wesen des Christentums" (Kristendommens væsen), som vakte stor opstandelse. It exists, and persists, and even if it is an illusion it is such a constant and continuous illusion in the history of human experience, that it has got to be 'explained' rather than discarded, which is very conveniently done by the votaries of this school. Aber freilich für diese Zeit, welche das Bild der Sache, die Kopie dem Original, die Vorstellung der Wirklichkeit, den Schein dem Wesen vorzieht … denn heilig ist ihr nur die Illusion, profan aber die Wahrheit. In 1841, Feuerbach published his book The Essence of Christianity, a philosophical attack on Christianity that blamed it for alienating human consciousness. Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy. This is a curious claim coming from the normally methodical Marx. Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach was a German philosopher and anthropologist. Most people in Feuerbach's day who believed in religion, however, did not think of religion as merely a social or historical 'creation'-rather, for them religion reflects deep and eternal truths. In this, one of the most influential works of the post-Hegelian era, Feuerbach Quale l’ampiezza della tua vista, tale l’ampiezza del tuo essere e viceversa.” (p. Results 1 – 16 of L’essenza del Cristianesimo. Nachdem er sich öfter vergeblich (wegen seiner Schrift »Gedanken über Tod u. He deemed it a contingent part of human culture, that would have disappeared after the abolition of class society. Acton, H. B. German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) had a great influence on both Freud and Marx. TransitionExploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral ResponsibilityThe Future of an IllusionWelfare State and Welfare SocietyThe Knowledge IllusionThe Europe IllusionThe Power of NowThe Labyrinth of TimeIllusion of ... Ludwig Feuerbach: religion is only wish-fulfilment. He stated: "In religion man seeks contentment; religion is his highest good. "But Feuerbach himself says that what concerns him is the destruction of an illusion". The Essence of Christianity. 1823 studierte er in Heidelberg Theologie bei dem Hegelianer Daub, 1834 ging er nach Berlin, wo er besonders Hegel hörte, 1828 wurde er Privatdozent für Philosophie in Erlangen. 20. À la différence de l'animal, l'homme a une religion parce qu'il a conscience de son genre, c'est-à-dire du genre humain auquel il appartient. (See Lectures I & XXX offsite, Lecture 1 (Part II), Lecture 2 and more on this site.) It explains Feuerbach's philosophy and critique of religion. Few people have ever written as penetrating a critique of faith and religion as have Friedrich Nietzsche and Ludwig Feuerbach. Human beings need to be liberated from religion to find their true selves. Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): ... • "Religion is an illusion and it derives its strength from its readiness to fit in with our instinctual wishful impulses" (Civilization and Its Discontents, lecture 35). 1961. anthropologische Wesen der Religion 3. God is not “out there” as an existing agent; rather, humans have invented the illusion of God and projected this illusion into the cosmos. 2 Kierkegaard’s Arguments against Objective Reasoning in Religion (Robert M Adams). Ludwig A. Feuerbach was born in a Lutheran family on July 28, 1804, in Landshut, Bavaria; the fourth son of Anselm von Feuerbach and his wife Wilhelmine. If religion can exist without its god, alchemy can exist without its philosopher’s stone. A cura di Antonio Banfi. gave it a firm place in his analysis of society and used it as one of the bases for his attack upon bourgeois ideology.2 Freud sought to give it support from his study of the activity of the uncooscious in ,the repression of instincts and process of sublima­ tion and thus attempted to fix it more firmly into the individual And so, just as Feuerbach’s “genetico-critical examination” had earlier revealed Hegelian philosophy to be a covert theology, so Stirner revealed Feuerbach’s humanism as a covert religion. Admittedly, human nature being what it is, we are forever unconsciously trying to … Den tyske filosof Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 - 1872) udgav i 1841 et banebrydende værk med titlen Das Wesen des Christentums (Kristendommens væsen).. Heri fremlagde han den teori, at al religion er udtryk for menneske projektion. George Eliot. Hegelian Philosophy, Karl Marx, Ludwig Feuerbach, Materialist Approach, Religion. » (Feuerbach, 1973 : 117.) Within the Essence of Religion, Feuerbach spends are large portion of the book around the topic of Nature, and its connection to religion. Ludwig Feuerbach is traditionally regarded as a significant but transitional figure in the development of nineteenth-century German thought. Ludwig Feuerbach never heard this song, but he would have been fascinated by its lyrics. Religion in general is simply the projection of human nature onto an illusory tran­scendent … Ludwig Feuerbach (1804—1872) was a famous German philosopher and atheist.The founder of psychoanalysis Freud heavily borrowed from his book Essence of Christianity to create The Future of an Illusion.What are often thought of as "Freudian" terms are in fact Feuerbachian. FEUERBACH, LUDWIG (1804–1872), German humanistic philosopher of religion and influential spokesman for the Young Hegelians. "Religion takes the apparent, the superficial in Nature and humanity for the essential, and hence conceives their true essence as a separate, special existence." In Ludwig Feuerbach. The debonair, charismatic Braun, a bold rebel, encouraged Freud to supplement his school curriculum with implicitly subversive books by the progressive British historians W. E. H. Lecky and Henry Thomas Buckle and by the gentile German skeptics Ludwig Feuerbach and David Friedrich Strauss.9 He adds that religion, in fact, is merely an illusion and a fantasy, since it comprises a person's relationship with his own being (Engels 1886:4). Ludwig Feuerbach "Christianity set itself the goal of fulfilling man’s unattainable desires, but for that very reason ignored his attainable desires. As he sees it, human beings constantly reduce the horizon-function to an object-function, and thus, are in the process of producing idols. Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872), German philosopher, was noted for his materialistic interpretation of God/ Christianity and humankind within a temporal framework. Feuerbach criticizes them, and tries to show how their religion is indeed a human … Ludwig Feuerbach is traditionally regarded as a significant but transitional figure in the development of nineteenth-century German thought. In his 1841 work The Essence of Christianity, the German anthropologist and philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) presented a “projection theory” of religion. WILLIAM JAMES: Mysticism. Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) started out as a student of theology but went on to articulate one of the most interesting critiques of religion we have. is that it is a man made construct. A little later he himself attended Hegel’s lectures in Berlin. Thus Feuerbach’s ideas illustrate the way in which the modernist approach could be seen as destructive to religion. 149-163. SOREN KIERKEGAARD: Against Proofs in Religion. The idea of God is a perversion of the idea of man. The Essence of Christianity (German: Das Wesen des Christentums) is a writing by Ludwig Feuerbach, which was published in 1841. Marx’s analysis and critique of religion "Religion is the opium of the Masses" ("Die Religion ist das Opium des Volkesis") is perhaps one of the most famous and most quoted by theist and atheist alike. For Comte religion’s previous forms were deeply flawed, but the concept of a new religion, the religion of humanity, grounded in the objectivity of science, was too attractive to cast aside. ERNST TROELTSCH: The Peace of Christianity Among the World Religions. Feuerbach's book, The Essence of Christianity, is noted as an influential atheist text, and helped inspire the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... *Extends Feuerbach's notion of religion as a projection. By entering the sphere of illusion, religion becomes vulnerable to the blows of reductive hermeneutics such as those offered by Feuerbach. Psychology was not yet an official discipline when Feuerbach was writing his main works, but viewing his arguments retrospectively shows the obvious undertones of what we today call psychology. Historian of religion Ninian Smart says that “Feuerbach saw God as being a projection, by us, of essential human attributes, such as reason and love” (1). Those in positions of power use the concept of religion to keep the masses of poor people under content, which reduces the chances of riots against the people in power. ... “An Anthropological Study” in Standard Edition, Vol. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1995 (DLC) 94042936 (OCoLC)31607670: Named Person: Ludwig Feuerbach; Ludwig Feuerbach; Ludwig (1804-1872) Feuerbach; Ludwig Feuerbach; Ludwig Feuerbach: Material Type: Document, Internet resource: Document Type: Internet Resource, Computer File Karl Marx was a German philosopher who attempted to examine religion from an objective, scientific perspective. Sigmund Freud's views on religion are described in several of his books and essays.Freud regarded God as an illusion, based on the infantile need for a powerful father figure; religion, necessary to help us restrain violent impulses earlier in the development of civilization, can now be … Within the Essence of Religion, Feuerbach spends are large portion of the book around the topic of Nature, and its connection to religion. By the way, there exists a very close connection between alchemy and religion. Faith is essentially intolerant ... essentially because necessarily bound up with faith is the illusion that one's cause is also God's cause.-- Ludwig Feuerbach The greatest achievement ever made in the cause of human progress is the total and final separation of church and state. 8The idea of religion as illusion has been expressed earlier by Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1972) nineteenth century German philosopher. 15 Jan by Feuerbach,Ludwig. Enjoy the best Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach quotes and picture quotes! Admittedly, human nature being what it is, we are forever unconsciously trying to fit God to our own needs. ... Freud became taken with the philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach, famous for his critique of religion. Juli 1804 in Landshut; gestorben 13. Feuerbach developed the idea that God is projection of the unconscious mind; Freud added to this a psychological foundation. Ludwig Feuerbach. According to this view, religion is nothing… In his major work The Essence of Christianity (1841) he sought to uncover the hidden essence of religion as revealed in what he regarded as its most highly evolved expression, namely, Christianity. The Future of an Illusion. photo 969645 Ludwig Feuerbach, photo 969646 Ludwig Feuerbach, and photo 969647 Ludwig Feuerbach 3 The Future of an Illusion (Sigmund Freud). ― Ludwig Feuerbach, The Essence of Christianity. Climacus inverts Feuerbach's projection theory, turning it against critics like Feuerbach. At the heart of Feuerbach's critique of Christianity is the claim that religion is a conceptual illusion, whereby the individual projects his or her personal limits onto the species and then projects the unlimited onto a supposed divine being. Feuerbach is a secularist that believes education in the sciences will liberate man from superstition of religion Because Christians cling more to religion and less to … Feuerbach Essence of Christianity: Introduction §2 The Essence of Religion ... it presumes to be exalted above the necessary and eternal laws that constitute the essence of religion; it gives itself to the illusion that its object, its content, is superhuman. [] 3 Lectures on Religious Belief (Ludwig Wittgenstein). Contents . Does God exist? Ludwig Feuerbach, one of the critical Young Hegelian intellectuals of the nineteenth century, has become famous for his radical critique of religious belief. With his mistaken ideas, Ludwig Feuerbach influenced Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud in adopting their inadequate positions. First comes the fiery brook of Ludwig Feuerbach Feuerbach means fiery brook in from ETRL 504 at Howard University Religion as Projection Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) What we have hitherto been maintaining generally, even with regard to sensational impressions, of the It is really human nature which is `divine'; the whole religious superstructure is an illusion, he said. The reproach that according to my book religion is an absurdity, a nullity, a pure illusion, would be well founded only if, according to it, that into which I resolve religion, which I prove to be its true object and substance, namely, man,—anthropology, were an absurdity, a nullity, a pure illusion. Feuerbach Ludwig Andreas is a famous German philosopher. His nephew, the neo-classical painter, Anselm Feuerbach, was the son of Ludwig’s older brother, also called Anselm, himself a classical archaeologist and aesthetician “in the spirit of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Johann Joachim Winckelmann”. Aber freilich für diese Zeit, welche das Bild der Sache, die Kopie dem Original, die Vorstellung der Wirklichkeit, den Schein dem Wesen vorzieht … denn heilig ist ihr nur die Illusion, profan aber die Wahrheit. Feuerbach's theory of alienation would later be used by Marx. — Ludwig Feuerbach, libro La Esencia del Cristianismo. Jun 14, 2020 - Photos for Ludwig Feuerbach. Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) was a highly respected nineteenth-century philosopher who focused on the study of post-Hegelian philosophy, idealism, naturalism, materialism, and positivism. Feuerbach's position is a derivation George Hegel's speculative philosophy/ theology. However, even Feuerbach's theories were inadequate to many of the issues George Eliot's fiction dealt with. [8] Feuerbach, Ludwig. Das wahre, d.i. Ludwig Feuerbach The Essence of Religion follows up his previous work The Essence of Christianity. Ronald Rolheiser San Antonio, Texas July 31, 2011. 1! Abstract. Ludwig Feuerbach is best known as the author of a sensational criticism of Christianity in the mid-nineteenth century. He studied theology at Heidelberg and Berlin and then, in 1825, under the influence of G. W. F. Hegel, transferred to the faculty of philosophy. Developing on the ideas of Ludwig Feuerbach, he saw religion as a product of alienation that was functional to relieving people's immediate suffering, and as an ideology that masked the real nature of social relations. Reproduced with Permission www.ronrolheiser.com. LUDWIG FEUERBACH: Religion as Illusion. shows how religion fuels war, foments bigotry and abuses children. Karl Marx found in religion the consequence of “Entausserung” or alienation created by the capitalist mode of production.For Max Weber, religion is an impetus for social change, while for Marx it is a force trying desperately to preserve the status quo. The former with a greater focus on religion as whole rather than just Christianity itself. Provisional Theses for the Reformation of Philosophy. ... Freud was a firm atheist; he believes that God is an illusion created for safety. Readings of Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity tend to focus on those features which made it seem liberating to the Young Hegelians: namely, its criticism of reification as abstraction, and its interpretation of religion as alienation. Born into a gifted Bavarian family, Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach studied theology at the University of Heidelberg before transferring to Berlin, where he became an enthusiastic convert to Hegelianism. Feuerbach’s book, The Essence of Christianity, is noted as an influential atheist text, and helped inspire the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The article shows the "Appendix" to Søren Kierkegaard's "Philosophical Fragments" to be a response to Ludwig Feuerbach's critique of Christianity. The former with a greater focus on religion as whole rather than just Christianity itself. Freud’s psychological explanation of religion builds on the ideas of Ludwig Feuerbach. Co-Illusion The Future of an Illusion was first published in 1989. Freud, Sigmund. Occasion and context.—My mode of life up to the present time.—On being an author.—Attitude toward the prevailing political and academic systems.—Lectures and publications.—Methods and survey of my previous work.—Philosophy and science of religion.

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