He had entered the garden and went up to the window and peered through a gap in the curtain. The Police Service of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Seirbheis Phoilis na h-Alba, operationally shortened to Police Scotland) is the territorial police force of Scotland.It was formed in 2013 with the merger of eight regional police forces in Scotland, as well as the specialist services of the Scottish Police Services Authority, including the Scottish Crime and … “More generally there is great concern, which I fully share, about the number of serious assaults on children. Appeal from – Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police CA 5-Feb-2008 Allegation f failure by the police to protect the claimant from a violent partner . Smith v Chief Constable of Woking (1983) 76 Cr App R 234 The defendant peered through the window of a young woman's home late at night. The Scottish Government stated that "reform will safeguard frontline policing in communities by creating designated local senior officers for every council area with a statutory duty to work … Eastbourne. In Van Colle v Chief Constable of Hertfordshire Police and Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police 83 a man accused of theft approached witnesses and persuaded them not to give evidence. He may then arrest him under S24 (6) of PACE (Art 26 (6) of the NI Order). Facts. This Paper. “I have now studied the report of the chief constable of Sussex and I am satisfied the Sussex police are sparing no effort to do so. Specifically, there was a post encouraging “Islamic State brothers” to “attack the non-believers” with trucks and knives. (H.L.) Van Colle and another v Chief Constable of the Hertfordshire Police; Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police – WLR Daily Published August 4, 2008 duty of care, law reports, police, witnesses Leave a Comment Loss of a chance: where has it come from and where is it going? Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1988] 2 WLR 1049; Michael v Chief Constable of South Wales Police [2015] UKSC 2; Osman v Ferguson [1993] 4 All ER 344; Reeves v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2000] 1 AC 360; Rigby v Chief Constable of Northampton [1985] 2 All ER 986; Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex [2008] EWCA Civ 39 The Human Rights Dimension _ The Cambridge Law Journal Vol 67 No 2 (2008) 239. Required by law. The contrast between the US direct relationship doctrine and the problems of Page v Smith [1996] 1 AC 155 in England was referred to by Henry LJ in Frost v Chief Constable [1998] QB 254 at 278. Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] Smith v East Elloe Rural District Council [1956] Smith v Eric S Bush [1989] Smith v Eric S Bush [1990] Smith v Hughes [1871] Smith v Land & House Property Corp [1884] Smith v Leech, Brain & Co [1962] Smith v Littlewoods Organisation Ltd [1987] Smith v Ministry of Defence [2013] 08 Feb 2018. The claimant was taking a prisoner to a cell and was, at the time accompanied by a police inspector. R v Lloyd Gunton. After a consultation process, the Scottish Government confirmed on 8 September 2011 that a single police service would be created in Scotland. Module: The Law Of Tort (LAW-5016B) Fictitious Melton Constabulary is investigating a ser ies of serial killings. Subjects | Law Notes | Tort Law. The claimants sued the Chief Constable for Sussex Police in several torts, including negligence and battery. Michael v Chief Constable of South Wales [2015]...5-2 majority held that the police didn’t owe her a duty of care after receiving the 999 call. Ben Stokes, Nadiya Hussain and Iain Duncan Smith have all been honoured. The of ficers suspect Albert is. So I shall deal first with cases of dismissal. Rigby v Chief Constable of Northamptonshire [1985] – QBD – psychopath in gun shop. Kenneth McInnes. She has been Deputy Chief Constable with the force for 18 months and previously was Assistant Chief Constable for Kent Police. Bourhill v Young [1943] AC 92. Whitmar v Earth Island Publishing [2013] EWHC 1881 (Ch) application for an interim injunction in relation to post termination restrictions and use of confidential information. November 25: The NSW Police Force apologises to Mr Moore in a letter. The Council had settled Ms Bing's claim against them for £25,000. & C. M. Smith (Whiteinch) Ltd., 1990 S.C. Cambridge … Brooks v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2005] UKHL 24, [2005] 2 All ER 489. This might, at first sight, appear to approximate to the 'liability principle' articulated by Lord Bingham in Van Colle v Chief Constable of the Hertfordshire Police; Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2009] AC 225. This landmark judgment has been called “the most important police law case in this generation”. 22 of 37. Dana Ella. Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package. Perhaps of all the things that concerned me in my studies at law school, the most startling was during a tort lecture on the negligence liability of public bodies, when our tutor told us about the case of Hill Ben Cooper QC is listed as a leading Silk in Chambers & Partners and The Legal 500. Michael and others (FC) (Appellants) v The Chief Constable of South Wales Police and another (Respondents) Judgment date. A. T. H. SMITH, Victoria University of Wellington - Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge Email: tony.smith@vuw.ac.nz The Law Commission has concluded that the criminal law has a diminished role to play in regard to trespass to land, a concept which includes both … Giles Van Colle refused to be intimidated. Sussex Police. Confusion also persisted concerning the effect of Caparo until clarification was provided in Michael and Robinson. Scotland news, UK and world news. While liability for negligence was admitted, the Chief Constable disputed the battery claim. Queen's Birthday Honours are announced on or around the date of the Queen's Official Birthday in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Lord Neuberger, Lady Hale, Lord Mance, Lord Kerr, Lord Reed, Lord Toulson, Lord Hodge. She is the first female Chief Constable in the history of Sussex Police. Michael and others v The Chief Constable of South Wales Police and another. 16 Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] EWCA Civ 39. Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] UKHL 50, [2009] 1 AC 225. the killer but they do not have any evidence that would link h im to the killings. Bowler v Chief Constable of Kent Police; EAT appeal relating to the approach to the shifting burden of proof in discrimination cases. Swinney v Chief Constable of Northumbria [1997] QB 464. Assistant chief Constable, Ministry of Defence Police. Law Commission Reports), and European case law. Costello v Chief Constable of Northumbria Police [1998] EWCA Civ 1898. Cockroft v Smith - biting off finger. Prob question - police omissions. After attending the three day WTO Ministerial meeting in Geneva, I took the non-stop United Airlines Flight back to Washington, DC. Case ID. Website. Justices. The only issue in Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police was whether a police killing of a man had been lawful. History Prior to merger. However, distinguishing the present case from the leading case of Osman v UK (1998) 29 EHRR 245 , Lord Justice Longmore held that the … Smith (FC) (Respondent) v Chief Constable of Sussex Police (Appellant) [2008] UKHL 50 LORD BINGHAM OF CORNHILL My Lords, 1. Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] AC 310. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Michael v Chief Constable of … Covering all the latest headlines and full reports Judgment (PDF) Press summary (PDF) Accessible versions. A fairly restrictive approach to the positive duty to protect has been taken in the domestic case law. Obsessive teacher case, no duty from policy as policy overrides. Green v Goddard (1702) 2 Salk 641; Lane v Holloway [1968] 1 QB 379; Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2007] 1 WLR 398; Criminal Law Act 1967 s 3; Criminal Justice Act 2003 s 329; References. Whether a police officer has a common law duty to go to the aid of another officer in danger. BAILII databases contain British and Irish case law, legislation and other materials (e.g. Police liability for negligence and the failure to prevent criminal assault: Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police; Protecting professionals from claims by mental health patients: Seal v Chief Constable of South Wales Police; Close section Vol.24 No.1. LexisLibrary gives you access to the most up-to-date UK Legislation available anywhere and the largest number of case law documents. Embarrassment for Victoria Police grew further when two other officers, Detective Leading Senior Constable Murray Gentner and Constable David Hall, were also hit with charges. SMITH Appellant - and - CHIEF CONSTABLE OF SUSSEX POLICE Respondent _____ Ms H Williams QC (instructed by Messrs Griffith Smith Farrington Webb) for the Appellant Mr E Faulks QC and Mr E Bishop (instructed by Messrs Weightmans) for the Respondent Lord Justice Sedley: Background 1. 0 Full PDFs related to this paper. Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex per Lord Bingham (dissenting) Police held such a strong relationship that they owed a duty to protect him. “Only if absolutely necessary will we enforce the law to ensure that you disperse. Judgment details. 45. See by way of example Rigby v. Chief Constable of North Hamptonshire [1985] 1 W.L.R. The full list of people named in the 2019 New Year's Honours. Professional academic writers. Mr Gunton was 17 years old at the time. Defendant and his officers had been negligent in failing to react to the departure of the fire-fighting equipment by … Judgment (PDF) Press … 15 C. Mclvor, 'The positive duty of the police to protect life' (2008) 24 Professional Negligence 27. Fourthly, reliance was placed on Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] UKHL 50; [2009] AC 225, one of two appeals which the House of Lords heard together, the other being Van Colle v Chief Constable of the Herefordshire Police (Secretary of State for the Home Department intervening). Tort Law Cases. Cited – Hertfordshire Police v Van Colle; Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police HL 30-Jul-2008 Police Obligations to Witnesses is Limited A prosecution witness was murdered by the accused shortly before his trial. They passed this information on to DC Dew who recorded the information. . On 29 June 2017, the police became aware of posts that had been made on Lloyd Gunton’s Instagram account. Coronation Street (TV Series 1960– ) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. He said they would explain why it’s important to behave differently. Sussex has promoted its Deputy Chief Constable to lead the force. In the Crown Court at Lewes, Jeremy Forrest (now aged 30) has been convicted by a jury of child abduction. This lets us find the most appropriate writer for any type of assignment. In reality, Ashley was in bed and unarmed. The drug dealer resisted arrest, which led to a struggle. Neutral citation number [2015] UKSC 2. 28 Jan 2015 . R v Forrest ~ Teacher and Pupil relationship ~ Sentencing. The claimants were the parents and children of Joanna Michael, who had been murdered by her former partner. 23 of 37. Calveley v Chief Constable of the Merseyside Police [1989] AC 1228 The girl was charged with obstructing an officer and assaulting an officer. The Chief Constable relied on Alexandrou v Oxford [1993] 4 All ER 328, which related to a burglary which the police allegedly failed to prevent. 1242, Brooks v. The Metropolitan Police Commissioner [2005] 1 WLR 1495 and, Chief Constable of Hertfordshire Police v. Van Colle and Smith v. Chief Constable for Sussex [2009] 1 AC 225. www .sussex .police .uk. Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] Smith v East Elloe Rural District Council [1956] Smith v Eric S Bush [1989] Smith v Eric S Bush [1990] Smith v Hughes [1871] Smith v Land & House Property Corp [1884] Smith v Leech, Brain & Co [1962] Smith v Littlewoods Organisation Ltd [1987] Smith v Ministry of Defence [2013] A reminder that employees can … Constable B has reasonable grounds to suspect that: (a) an arrestable offence (criminal damage and/or theft) has been committed; and. Robinson (Appellant) v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police (Respondent) Judgment date. It also provides links to case-notes and summaries. 17 Feb 2015. The court came to the conclusion that the case fell squarely within the principle established in Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1988] (i.e. there was insufficient proximity between the police and the victim). ⇒ Note, however, Lord Brown said a claim under the Human Rights Act here is "irresistable". The Court of Appeal judges held that summary judgment should be granted to the police on the common law negligence claim. Only month and day are displayed by default. Scotland. In R. v. Chief Constable of Sussex, ex p. International Trader's Ferry the House of Lords considered the impact of Community law upon the exercise … Sky News with Sarah Hewson (TV Series 2019– ) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. On 10 March 2003, Mr Smith was attacked with a claw-hammer … 16. For reasons that I will give later, I consider that … 34. Our global writing staff includes experienced ENL & ESL academic writers in a variety of disciplines. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.130 Doc 22 Rev 1 (2007); in the UK: Van Colle v Chief Constable of Hertfordshire [2009] 1 A.C. 225 at 232; Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] EWA iv 39; Iain Steele Liability for Failin g to Prevent Crime. Both were arrested. Michael James Todd. Forrest was a teacher at Bishop Bell C of E School in Eastbourne, East Sussex. 241439048-Upstream-Advanced-C1-Teacher-s-Book. UKSC 2013/0043. Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] EWCA Civ 39 (5 February 2008) In this decision, the UK Court of Appeal held that a claim in negligence against the police for failing to protect life should have regard to the duties imposed and standards required by art 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Facts. Read Paper. Police use one of two cannisters which causes fire and damage. Michael v Chief Constable of South Wales [2015] UKSC 2. Sussex Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing the counties of East Sussex (including the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove) and West Sussex. Jo’s career in the police spans nearly 28 years, during which time she has undertaken a wide variety of roles. Neutral citation number [2018] UKSC 4. Case: Must be a reasonable belief of harm for self defence to be operative. They came across information relating to the identity of a person responsible for the unlawful killing of a police officer. Von Colle v Chief Constable of Hertfordshire Police/Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex [2008]. Judgment details. 1200 police officers and staff, £40m budget. UKSC 2016/0082. Lady Hale, Lord Mance, Lord Reed, Lord Hughes, Lord Hodge. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. Panayiotou v Chief Constable of Hampshire Police [2014] IRLR 500 the EAT upheld a decision by a tribunal that a police officer’s dismissal was due to his long-term sickness and his obsessive pursuit of complaints and ‘in no sense whatsoever’ connected with … (b) D has committed it. Sussex Police will engage with people if they are seen to be posing a danger to each other, according to Chief Constable Giles York. Assistant commissioner, Metropolitan Police Service. Ms Michael made a 999 call in which she explained that her ex-boyfriend had come to her house and found her with another man. This page provides a list of cases cited in our Tort Law Lecture Notes, as well as other cases you might find useful. Anns v Merton LBC [1978] AC 728. However, in other, they may be more remote than Lord Keith's hypothetical bystander. Z v UK (2002) - Overturned ECourtHR's original comment on the Art 4 and 6 violations of police and negligence (test of fair, just, reasonable and policy consideration do not infringe on human rights). Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] UKHL 2. The contrast between the US direct relationship doctrine and the problems of Page v Smith [1996] 1 AC 155 in England was referred to by Henry LJ in Frost v Chief Constable [1998] QB 254 at 278. I am: By creating an account on LiveJournal, you agree to our User Agreement. Osman v Ferguson [1993] 4 All ER 344. Michael Venables. The claimant had informed the police of a series of violent and threatening telephone, internet and text messages, including death threats. 14 Van Colle v Chief Constable of Hertfordshire [2007] 1 WLR 1821. First, they both concerned the recurring question of the ambit of police liability in the situation … Chief Constable, Central Scotland Police. Jo Shiner is the preferred candidate to take over from Giles York as Chief Constable. Sussex promotes Deputy Chief Constable to new Chief. Queen’s Birthday Honours list 2021 in full: Everyone who’s received an MBE, OBE, CBE, knighthood or damehood Great British Bake Off judge Prue … Overview. Hill v W Yorks Police. R v Metropolitan Police Commissioner, ex parte Parker [1953] 2 All ER 717 ; Ridge v Baldwin and others [1963] 2 All ER 66 ... to a scheme may be very different from what a watch committee ought to do in considering whether to dismiss a chief constable. The only issue in Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police was whether a police killing of a man had been lawful. Deputy Chief Constable Maggie Blyth declared officers should report colleagues who display 'disgusting' attitudes towards women on … Finding content is easier and faster than ever with our tools-LexisNavigator, LexisRecommends, Halsbury's Statutes Annotations, Halsbury's Is it in force?, Case Overview and Today's Cases. Haley v London Electricity Board [1965] AC 77. The UK Supreme Court noted in Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police that the approach to causation in claims based on Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is “looser” than in negligence. The force is headquartered in … Download Download PDF. I do not consider the liability principle to be in any way inconsistent with the ratio of either Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53 or Brooks v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2005] UKHL 24, [2005] 1 WLR 1495, the two decisions of the House on which the Chief Constable most strongly relies. Assistant chief Constable, Sussex Police. The police officers and the suspect collided with Mrs Robinson, knocked her over and fell on top of her. It took time for the significance of Stovin v Wise and Gorringe to be fully appreciated: they were not cited, for example, in Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] UKHL 50; [2009] AC 225. In a first for Humberside Police the order was granted despite the respondent not having and previous convictions for sexual offences. School music teacher, 40, who had sex with two girl pupils aged 13 and 14 is jailed for 17 years after being convicted of 32 sexual offences. Police officers approached a suspected drug dealer in a busy shopping street. In a cases such as Michael v Chief Constable of South Wales the police do not simply fail to save a person walking off a cliff, or drowning in the sea. Judgment (Accessible PDF) … Michael and others v The Chief Constable of South Wales Police and another. On 5 August 2009 at 2.29am, Ms Michael dialled 999 requesting police protection from her historically aggressive ex-boyfriend. Mr & Mrs Swinney were managers of a pub. The hearing involved complex issues and vulnerable witnesses. Most of the databases contain predominantly recent material, but the coverage varies and both old … This is an appeal by the Chief Constable of Sussex against an order of HHJ Stephen Lloyd, deputy circuit judge, dated 23 February 2009. 2009 - Dec 20123 years. Malling House, Lewes, a Grade I listed building. Duty of Care cases. 63. But the law attaches particular importance to the protection of life and physical safety, and I do not think it necessary for present purposes to analyse in detail the cases on property damage. Dulieu v White [1901] 2 KB 669. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Read the latest Scottish news covering Glasgow and Edinburgh. Inspector, South Yorkshire Police. On the airplane were a number of U.S. government officials including the head of USTR, Ambassador Ron Kirk. Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008]; a series of violent and threatening messages, including death threats; a domestic matter and declined to take any steps to protect the claimant; Hill; defensive; liability Supreme Court Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police [2018] UKSC 4 2017 July 12; 2018 Feb 8 Baroness Hale of Richmond PSC, Lord Mance DPSC, Lord Reed, Lord Hughes, Lord Hodge JJSC Negligence ȉ Duty of care ȉ Police ȉ Police o–cers causing injury to passer-by while attempting to arrest suspect on street in town centre ȉ Whether duty of care … Express Publishing. Pretty v UK (2002) 35 EHRR 1; Osman v UK (1998) 29 EHRR 245; E v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2009] 1 AC 536 As the case of Osman showed, liability was dependent on proof that the authority knew or ought to have known of a real and immediate risk of Article 3 ill treatment. 212 Pages. On 5 August 2009 at 2.29am, Ms Michael dialled 999 requesting police protection from her historically aggressive ex-boyfriend. Appeal from – Van Colle and Another v Chief Constable of the Hertfordshire Police CA 24-Apr-2007 The deceased had acted as a witness in an intended prosecution. Learn everything an expat should know about managing finances in Germany, including bank accounts, paying taxes, getting insurance and investing. US ACTA Official Squirms, Talks Drivel. Responsible for delivering policing services in one of the largest and most diverse police divisions in UK. Case ID. In Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire, the House of Lords held that police officers did not owe a duty to individual members of the public WHO HAS FIRST CLAIM ON “THE LOYALTY OF THE LAW”?Smith v Chief Constable of the Sussex Police (hereafter Smith) was heard by the House of Lords at the same time as Chief Constable of the Hertfordshire Police v Van Colle and another because they had two uniting factors. Chief Constable of the Hertfordshire Police v Van Colle and Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police, House of Lords, 30 July 2008 ... by a public authority, the relevant principle was that described by the Strasburg Court in Osman. Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police. The pupil resisted arrest before a girl got involved, who allegedly bit an officer's hand. Sussex Police have a command team of both police officers and police staff who work together to ensure the effective and efficient running of the force. Jo joined Sussex Police in 2018 as Deputy Chief Constable and became the force’s ninth Chief Constable in July 2020. Chief Constable of Humberside Police v Ben Lumby 2016 – Andrea made a successful application for a Sexual Harm Prevention Order. In these two appeals, heard together, there is a common underlying problem: if the police are alerted to a threat that D may kill or inflict violence on V, and the police take no action to prevent that 46. Create First Post . The Exeter Tribunal has awarded £33,697 in Bing v Chard Town Council and Prior against the Council's ex Lord Mayor for sexual harassment. The woman saw him and screamed but he did not move but kept staring she phoned the police. Swinney v Chief Constable of Northumbria Police Force [1997] QB 464 Court of Appeal. He also pleaded guilty to 5 counts of sexual activity with a child. Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] EWCA Civ 39 (5 February 2008) In this decision, the UK Court of Appeal held that a claim in negligence against the police for failing to protect life should have regard to the duties imposed and standards required by art 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights.. Facts. Ashleigh v Chief Constable of Sussex Police - shooting naked man. Barry John Smith. B Feldthusen, 'The Canadian Experiment with the Civil Action for Sexual Battery' in NJ Mullany (ed) Torts in the Nineties (Sydney, Law Book Co 1997) Or you can use social network account to register. Teachers reported a boy was acting violently and causing damage at St Benedict's School in Whitehaven, Cumbria, on Tuesday. InHiggins v. J. Justices. 241439048-Upstream-Advanced-C1-Teacher-s-Book. Maria Assumpta Wallis. Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Woolgar v Sussex Police & Anor [1999] EWCA Civ 1497 (26 May 1999) Woollam v. Blackpool Borough Council [2001] UKEAT 0279_01_1406 (14 June 2001) Woollard & Anor v Fowler [2005] EWHC 90051 (Costs) (24 May 2006) Woolley & Anor v Ultimate Products Ltd & Anor [2012] EWCA Civ 1038 (26 July 2012) A short summary of this paper. Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] Smith v East Elloe Rural District Council [1956] Smith v Eric S Bush [1989] Smith v Eric S Bush [1990] Smith v Hughes [1871] Smith v Land & House Property Corp [1884] Smith v Leech, Brain & Co [1962] Smith v Littlewoods Organisation Ltd [1987] Smith v Ministry of Defence [2013] In March 1901, a white woman and Black man were arrested in Atlanta, Georgia, after two police officers claimed to have seen them talking and walking together on the street. The parents of the deceased alleged that the failure of the police to protect their son was a breach of article 2. Create account . A major question arose in cases like Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire14 Brooks v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis15 and Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police16 as to whether the police should be held responsible for a negligent act or omission to control the … Andrew Cameron. Jo joined Sussex Police in 2018 as Deputy Chief Constable and became the force’s ninth Chief Constable in July 2020. Facts. Welcome . Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] The claimant suffered severe injuries during an attack by his former boyfriend. The case of Hill v chief constable of west Yorkshire, discussed below, might be such a case. Opinion April 6, 2018. Journal of the Australasian Law Teachers Association: Shircore, Mandy (2012) ... Hertfordshire Police v Van Colle and Smith (FC) v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] UKHL 50. Mrs Robinson was injured and instituted proceedings against the Chief … (PA) High-profile figures ranging from Ben Stokes to Olivia Newton-John to Iain Duncan Smith have been named in the New Year’s Honours list. but here, police aware that teacher stalking pupil and threatening family, so when pupil shot and dad killed, P + D were identifiable victims to police + given threats by teacher, personal injury reasonably foreseeable § Compare: Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police ~ here not FJR to impose DoC on police given violent threats, as could
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